Employment: In an equitable economy, everyone who wants to work would have a good job.
Insights & Analyses
- Between 2000 and 2020, the labor force participation rate for workers ages 25 to 64 was higher in the 9-County Bay Area than at the state level for all racial/ethnic groups.
- Since 2000, Black and Native American workers have experienced the highest rates of unemployment, consistently at least twice the rate of their white counterparts.
- The labor force participation rate for women has remained below that of men since 2000. In 2020, Latina women had a labor force participation rate of 72 percent, compared to 90 percent for Latino men.
- Native American and US-born Black adults had the lowest employment-to-population ratios in 2010 and 2020 among all groups by race/ethnicity and nativity identified by the census, while Latinx immigrants had the lowest ratio in 2000.
Drivers of Inequity
A variety of historical and contemporary factors cause Black, Native American, Latinx, and other workers of color to experience unemployment at much higher rates than White workers. Employer discrimination against Black workers has not improved in 25 years: among workers with the same resumes, White applicants receive 36 percent more callbacks than Black applicants and 24 percent more callbacks than Latinx people. In addition, racial segregation and disinvestment mean that students of color have far less access to well-resourced, high-quality schools. Transportation challenges, lack of affordable childcare and housing near job centers, and structural racism in employer hiring practices are also significant barriers to employment. Finally, overpolicing and systemic inequities in the criminal-legal system disproportionately impact Black and Latinx men, who then face employer discrimination due to their criminal records.
Strategies
Grow an equitable economy: Policies to reach full employment for all
- Grow new good jobs by making smart investments in infrastructure projects, supporting economic development strategies to grow high-opportunity industries, and helping entrepreneurs of color start and scale-up their businesses.
- Reduce employment barriers for people with records by "banning the box" asking about conviction history on job applications (for private as well as public employers).
- Connect unemployed and underemployed workers to the jobs created by new development through targeted local hiring, community workforce agreements, and community benefits agreements.
- Invest a portion of infrastructure investments in job training.
- Implement sector-focused workforce training and placement programs and apprenticeships that create pathways to good jobs for workers with barriers to employment.
- At the federal level, institute a federal jobs guarantee, dedicate 1 percent of infrastructure investments to a fund for inclusive job and contracting supports, set aside a share of public contracts for businesses owned by people of color to mirror area demographics, reform the Community Reinvestment Act to expand access to fair financial products and services for entrepreneurs of color, and ensure that releasees from federal prison receive essential identification documents to support job attainment.
Strategy in Action
The tech industry has created a wealth of high-paying jobs, but not all residents have benefited from this growth. To ensure that more residents have the opportunity to tap into this fast growing sector, the Department of Labor and San Francisco’s Office of Economic and Workforce Development launched TechSF in collaboration with a cross-sector coalition of partners. Founded in 2012, TechSF prepares and connects local residents to good jobs in the technology industry at no cost through programs and services including technical and job-readiness training, career coaching, job placement services, and other professional development opportunities. One evaluation found that three years after the start of the initiative, 62 percent of those who participated in technical trainings were employed with an average hourly wage of $30. Learn more.
Photo: By Mars on Unsplash

In Their Own Words...
“ Some of the hardest working people that K knows are people that were formerly incarcerated, they just need good jobs that uplift their reintegration and ability to support themselves and their families. ”
K grew up in San Francisco and developed his work ethic starting at a young age from his grandfather, a dedication he brings each day to his work as a reentry navigator. Having experienced incarceration firsthand, K understands the support people need when they come home and the barriers they face when trying to find work after incarceration. He works with clients to build their power, supporting them in developing skills including drafting resumes, preparing for job interviews, navigating hard conversations with co-workers, and using technology. The effects of incarceration extend far beyond release, and K is dedicated to supporting formerly incarcerated people in building lasting futures for themselves and their families. Learn more.
